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Pierce the Ploughman's Crede
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Pierce the Ploughman's Crede : ウィキペディア英語版
Pierce the Ploughman's Crede

''Pierce the Ploughman's Crede'' is a medieval alliterative poem of 855 lines, lampooning the four orders of friars.
==Textual history==
Surviving in two complete 14th-century manuscripts and two early printed editions,〔British Library MS Bibl. Reg.18.B.17 and MS Trinity College Cambridge R.3.15〕 the ''Crede'' can be dated on internal evidence to the short period between 1393 and 1400. The two manuscripts both include ''Piers Plowman'', and in the first, the ''Crede'' serves as an introduction to a C-text version of ''Piers Plowman''. Additionally, BL MS Harley 78 contains a fragment of the ''Crede'' copied c. 1460–70.〔MS Harley is a collection made by John Stow in the 16th century; it contains poems by Geoffrey Chaucer, Thomas Wyatt, and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey.〕
The ''Crede'' was first printed in London by Reyner Wolfe,〔1553 (STC 19904)〕 and then reprinted for inclusion with Owen Rogers's 1561 reprint of Robert Crowley's 1550 edition of ''Piers Plowman''.〔STC 19908〕 The ''Crede'' was not printed again until Thomas Bensley's edition in 1814, based on that of 1553, and Thomas Wright's of 1832.〔1832, rerrinted 1856〕 The 1553 and 1561 editions were altered to include more anticlericalism and to attack an "abbot" where the original text had "bishop". This latter revision is a conservative one, undoubtedly motivated by the security of attacking a defunct institution following the Dissolution of the Monasteries rather than an aspect of Catholicism which survived in the Church of England. Nearly all modern critics have agreed that several lines about transubstantiation were removed. This excision was covered with a (perhaps interpolated) passage not found in any of the manuscripts.
The poem exists in several modern editions: Thomas Wright and Walter Skeat produced independent versions in the 19th century; more recently, James Dean has edited the text for TEAMs, and Helen Barr has produced an annotated edition in ''The Piers Plowman Tradition'' (London: J.M. Dent, 1993) (ISBN 0-460-87050-5).

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